Как известно, одними из первых основополагающих государственных строительных норм, принятых после обретения Украиной независимости, стали ДБН 360-92 Градостроение. Планировка и застройка городских и сельских поселений. Несмотря на то, что с момента их утверждения к ним время от времени вносились те или иные изменения, по состоянию на сегодняшний день указанные ДБН все равно в полной мере соответствуют современному воображению и настоящим требованиям, а также уровню развития технологий строительства.
Как результат, встал вопрос по разработке государственных строительных норм на замену ДБН 360-92; в то же время, «под раздачу» попали не только они, но и ряд других нормативных документов по строительству, скажем так, общегосударственного уровня. Если точнее, то продолжается процесс разработки государственных строительных норм под названием “Градостроение. Планирование и застройка территорий, которыми предусмотрено заменить ряд нормативных документов, а именно:
– ДБН 360-92 Гродостроение. Планировка и застройка городских и сельских поселений;
– ДБН Б.2.4-1-94 Планирование и застройка сельских поселений;
– ДБН Б.2.4-3-95 Генеральные планы сельскохозяйственных предприятий;
– ДБН Б.2.4-4-97 Планирование и застройка малых сельскохозяйственных предприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств;
– ДБН Б.1-2-95 Состав, содержание, порядок разработки, согласования и утверждения комплексных схем транспорта для городов Украины;
– СНиП ІІ-89-80 Генеральные планы промышленных предприятий.
Предполагаемое построение и принципиальные отличия
Процессы разработки и обсуждения проекта строительных норм по ряду причин продолжаются давно и идут весьма непросто. Спрогнозировать точно, когда новый документ наконец-то «увидит мир», на сегодняшний день трудно, однако описать его предполагаемое построение мы все же осмелимся. Итак, прежде всего укажем вероятную структуру указанного документа, которая планирует включать в себя следующие разделы:
- Область применения.
- Нормативные ссылки.
- Сроки и определения понятий.
- Общие положения.
- Функционально-планировочная организация территорий.
- Планирование территорий жилой застройки.
- Территории общественной застройки.
- Территории производственной застройки.
- Ландшафтно-рекреационные территории.
- Территории историко-культурного назначения.
- Транспорт и улично-дорожная сеть.
- Инженерное обеспечение.
- Инженерная подготовка и защита территории.
- Охрана окружающей среды.
- Противопожарные требования.
Инспектирование нового строительства по вопросам пожарной безопасности
Если говорить о возможных существенных отличиях будущего документа от действующих ДБН 360-92 Планирование и застройка городских и сельских поселений (хотя такое сравнение и не совсем корректно), то их можно охарактеризовать таким образом:
– п. 7.26 – установлены зоны, ограничивающие градостроительную деятельность;
– п. п. 3.7, 3.8, табл. 2.1, 3.2 – определены показатели плотности жилищного фонда планировочных образований;
– п. 5.2, табл. 5.1 – определена граница ландшафтно-рекреационных территорий как в пределах населенных пунктов, так и за их пределами;
– п. п. 11.4, 11.10, табл. 11.1, 11.1 – расширен вопрос сохранения традиционного характера среды исторических населенных мест и реконструкции исторической застройки;
– раздел 4 – сделан акцент на инновационное развитие производственных территорий;
– п. 7.32, табл. 7.1 – усовершенствована система велосипедного движения, обеспечение доступности маломобильных групп населения;
– раздел 3, табл. 3.2 – установлены показатели потребностей в сельскохозяйственных территориях и предельных параметров зон жилой застройки;
– раздел 10 – детализирована составляющая оценки экологических условий в градостроительном проектировании;
– приложение 3.1 – расширено и детализировано содержание раздела, посвященного противопожарным требованиям;
– п. п. 10.33, 10.33 – развита составляющая санитарной очистки территории населенных пунктов и обращение с твердыми бытовыми отходами с учетом современных технологических возможностей.>
Напоследок
Для чего мы обо всем этом говорим сейчас, если этот документ на сегодняшний день – просто очередной проект строительных норм, спросите вы. Однако следует отметить, что на самом деле не все так просто, и волокита с принятием указанных норм является одной из составляющих тех трудностей и неопределенностей, которые имеют место в целом. Ведь ни для кого не секрет, что обновленная процедура согласования вынужденных (обоснованных, как их еще именуют) отклонений от требований строительных норм, которые не могут не возникать в условиях современности, так и не утверждены.
Необходимость такого обновления обусловлена тем, что несмотря на то, что такие отклонения действительно должны быть вынужденными и выступать скорее как исключения из общего правила, положения существующей процедуры привели к фактическому злоупотреблению ее использованием в случаях, которые никак нельзя назвать исключительными. Этому, по нашему мнению, сильно поспособствовало в своей степени и отмена требований относительно порядка рассмотрения так называемых компенсационных мер, обычно разрабатываемых с целью «нивелирования» этих же отклонений от требований строительных норм.
Инспектирование работ по монтажу систем противопожарной защиты«Дерегуляция», «снижение давления на бизнес» и т.п. — это, безусловно, то, что неизбежно на пути к цивилизованному обществу. С другой стороны, некорректно ставить знак тождественного равенства (что, к сожалению, сплошь и рядом пытаются сделать) между демократией и анархией. Стоит только упомянуть случаи, которые произошли недавно в Одессе, под Калиновкой, чуть раньше под Васильковым. Корень зла во всех случаях – это бесконтрольность и пренебрежение нормами. Это не может не мешать спать неравнодушным людям, которых, к счастью, в Украине все еще много.
Поэтому при разработке новых государственных строительных норм по градостроительству, планированию и застройке территории предполагается, что отклонения от требований строительных норм (в том числе в части обеспечения пожарной безопасности и противопожарной защиты) как таковые запрещены не будут, но будут установлены ограничения по возможности их применения. В настоящее время составлен даже едва ли не окончательный проект так называемого «красного» списка отклонений, согласование по которым не будет допускаться ни при каких условиях.
Соответственно, тем, кто занимается разработкой архитектурно-планировочных решений, концепций обеспечения пожарной безопасности, проектированием систем противопожарной защиты или ищет подрядчиков (субподрядчиков) для выполнения этих работ, следует быть очень осторожным. , чтобы вся работа не пошла на нет после официального утверждения новых норм. Без лишней скромности скажем, что наша компания – одна из немногих, следящая за тем, куда “дует ветер”, ориентируется как в действующих нормах, так и в проектах, которые находятся на стадии разработки и обсуждения. Мы делаем свою работу профессионально и от души, прогнозируя и минимизируя риски, которые могут возникнуть в будущем. Были бы рады сотрудничеству со всеми, кому нужны наши услуги!
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