Как известно, категорию производственного, складского помещения, здания или наружной установки по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности считают основным показателем уровня их пожарной опасности. Именно она является основой для установления нормативных требований по конструктивных и объемно-планировочных решений, особенностей технологического и вспомогательного оборудования, а также обеспечение защиты объектов от пожаров и взрывов.
В частности, от категории по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности зависят (могут зависеть) степень огнестойкости здания, площади противопожарных отсеков, необходимость применения взрывозащищенного оборудования, пользования инструментом, не образует искр при ударах, а также потребность в устройстве систем противопожарной защиты, аварийной вентиляции, сбросных строительных конструкций и тому подобное.
Подобные требования устанавливаются нормативными документами по пожарной безопасности объектов и / или определяются по результатам расчета категории дома (здания, сооружения, наружной установки) по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности. В то же время, принятие мер по снижению этой категории при надлежащей сообразительности позволит оптимизировать меры как на противопожарную защиту объекта, так и на обеспечение его пожарной безопасности во время эксплуатации.
Категория объекта по взрывопожарной опасности (А или Б) зависит от максимального расчетного значения избыточного давления, что может произойти в случае возникновения аварийной ситуации. Это давление в свою очередь зависит от природы, количества, расположения потенциального источника образования горючих паров или пыли, их концентрации в воздухе (которую можно регулировать, оснащая объект соответствующим инженерным оборудованием) и некоторых других факторов.
Если же взрыв невозможен даже в случае возникновения аварии, то категория объекта (помещения, здание, сооружение, внешняя установка) по пожарной опасности (В или Д) зависит от пожарной нагрузки. В помещения категории Г относятся те, в которых имеются негорючие вещества и материалы в горячем, раскаленном или расплавленном состоянии, процесс обработки которых сопровождается выделением лучистого тепла, искр и пламени; сюда же относят помещения с наличием горючих газов, жидкостей или твердых веществ, которые сжигают или используют как топливо.
До последнего времени для расчета категорий помещений, зданий и наружных установок по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности пользовались НАПБ Б.03.002-2007 Нормы определения категорий помещений, зданий и наружных установок по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности, зато опыт применения этого документа показал необходимость уточнения ряда положений . Именно поэтому рабочая группа, многие члены которой являются авторами указанного НАПБ, разработали на замену ему ДСТУ Б В.1.1-36: 2016 Определение категорий помещений, зданий и наружных установок по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности, который вступил в силу с 1 января этого года.
Следует заметить, что «революции» после вступления в силу настоящего стандарта не произошло, однако имел место ряд очень существенных уточнений положений его «предшественника», которые многое изменили. В частности, уточнена сфера применения документа и частично изменено его терминологический раздел. Не менее важным является то, что откорректирован процедуры расчета массы паров горючих жидкостей, поступающих в помещение в результате аварии, подходы к отнесению производственных и складских помещений в категорию В или Д (что обычно бывает камнем преткновения), а также расчета категории помещений, где вращается горючая пыль.
Важно, что расчет категорий помещений, оснащенных системами общеобменной вентиляции для удаления горючих раз и паров горючих жидкостей, теперь проводят с учетом их работы, к тому же, предусмотрено учета скорости воздушного потока в помещении с целью определения интенсивности испарения и массы паров горючих жидкостей, поступают в помещение в случае аварии. Отныне предусмотрено два подхода к определению расчетной массы горючей пыли, который находится в состоянии аэрозоля в объеме помещения в результате аварии, а также уточнено соответствующие положения относительно наружных установок.
Новый стандарт устанавливает порядок определения категорий помещений и зданий (частей зданий в пределах противопожарных отсеков) производственного и складского назначения, лабораторий, а также наружных установок по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности. Еще раз отметим, что принадлежность к определенной категории определяется количеством и показателями пожаровзрывоопасности веществ и материалов, находящихся (хранятся, перерабатываются, транспортируются), с учетом особенностей технологических процессов и объемно-планировочных решений, а также наличия технических средств предотвращения возникновения аварийных ситуаций .
Это напоминание актуально с учетом того, что большое количество действующих в Украине строительных норм, норм технологического проектирования, технологических инструкций и других документов (многие из которых были разработаны еще в советское время) сами собой регламентирующих категории по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности помещений различного назначения без учета их особенностей. Насколько это правильно, особенно в свете внедрения новых технологий строительства и проведения технологических процессов (как это часто бывает при строительстве новых объектов) — вопрос достаточно риторическим.
Несмотря на то, что пользоваться документом и читать его теоретически может любое лицо, стоит заметить, что проведение самих расчетов требует соответствующих навыков и опыта. Особенно, если результат расчета является существенным и важным и влияет на необходимость (или ее отсутствие) по принятию мер по снижению категории по взрывопожарной и пожарной опасности.
Для того, чтобы отстоять свою позицию и подойти индивидуально к каждому конкретному случаю, необходимо аргументировать, что ДСТУ Б В.1.1-36: 2016 не является прямой заменой НАПБ Б.03.002-2007 и, тем более, ОНТП 24-86 — аналогичного документа , разработанного более 30 лет назад, которым и пользовались при разработке нормативных документов как при существовании СССР, так и на протяжении многих лет после обретения Украиной независимости.
Именно на этой стадии является, например, возможность доказать принадлежность помещения к категории Д, а не к В (если возникают спорные ситуации в этом), что в свою очередь позволяет минимизировать средства владельцу таких помещений. Стоит заметить, что в таких делах стоит полагаться на настоящих профессионалов, ведь они несут ответственность за проведенные расчеты. Поэтому эксперт, имеющий навыки в соответствующей области, является Вашим лучшим помощником в этом.
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
Hey, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, awesome blog!
It’s really a nice and useful piece of information. I am satisfied that you simply shared this helpful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Very helpful information specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such information much. I was seeking this certain info for a very long time. Thank you and best of luck.
As a Newbie, I am always browsing online for articles that can be of assistance to me. Thank you
Magnificent site. A lot of useful information here. I am sending it to some friends ans also sharing in delicious. And certainly, thanks for your sweat!
This is a topic close to my heart cheers, where are your contact details though?
As soon as I noticed this internet site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
naturally like your website however you need to take a look at the spelling on several of your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to tell the truth then again I’ll definitely come back again.
I have been browsing online more than three hours these days, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It?¦s lovely value enough for me. In my opinion, if all site owners and bloggers made excellent content as you probably did, the net shall be a lot more useful than ever before.
Wohh just what I was searching for, regards for posting.
I was curious if you ever considered changing the structure of your website? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?
F*ckin’ remarkable things here. I am very glad to look your article. Thanks so much and i’m taking a look forward to touch you. Will you please drop me a mail?
Hello my loved one! I wish to say that this article is awesome, great written and include approximately all important infos. I?¦d like to look more posts like this .
so much superb info on here, : D.
Merely wanna remark on few general things, The website layout is perfect, the subject matter is real wonderful. «By following the concept of ‘one country, two systems,’ you don’t swallow me up nor I you.» by Deng Xiaoping.
Hello.This post was extremely remarkable, particularly since I was searching for thoughts on this matter last Sunday.
I was just searching for this information for a while. After 6 hours of continuous Googleing, finally I got it in your website. I wonder what’s the lack of Google strategy that do not rank this type of informative websites in top of the list. Usually the top websites are full of garbage.
great post, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector don’t notice this. You should continue your writing. I am sure, you have a huge readers’ base already!
I am really loving the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility problems? A couple of my blog audience have complained about my blog not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari. Do you have any recommendations to help fix this issue?
You are my inhalation, I possess few web logs and infrequently run out from post :). «No opera plot can be sensible, for people do not sing when they are feeling sensible.» by W. H. Auden.
I am often to blogging and i really appreciate your content. The article has really peaks my interest. I am going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information.
Nice post. I study something more challenging on different blogs everyday. It should always be stimulating to learn content from different writers and practice a little bit one thing from their store. I’d prefer to make use of some with the content on my weblog whether or not you don’t mind. Natually I’ll give you a hyperlink on your web blog. Thanks for sharing.
Valuable information. Lucky me I found your website by accident, and I’m shocked why this accident did not happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what blog owners wrote but this website is very user pleasant! .
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what people wrote but this website is real user friendly! .
Hey! I simply wish to give a huge thumbs up for the good information you have here on this post. I shall be coming back to your blog for extra soon.
You got a very fantastic website, Gladiolus I observed it through yahoo.
Would love to always get updated outstanding blog! .
You made some nice points there. I did a search on the topic and found most persons will approve with your website.
Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your webpage? My website is in the exact same niche as yours and my users would certainly benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this okay with you. Thank you!
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. I am gonna watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if you continue this in future. A lot of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
Appreciate it for this marvellous post, I am glad I observed this site on yahoo.
You actually make it seem so easy together with your presentation but I to find this matter to be actually one thing that I think I might by no means understand. It seems too complex and extremely vast for me. I’m looking ahead in your subsequent publish, I¦ll try to get the cling of it!
I?¦ll right away clutch your rss feed as I can not to find your email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly permit me know in order that I may subscribe. Thanks.
I am constantly searching online for ideas that can aid me. Thx!
Great site. Plenty of helpful information here. I am sending it to a few friends ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks in your effort!
I am always looking online for tips that can benefit me. Thanks!
Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; we have developed some nice procedures and we are looking to exchange solutions with others, please shoot me an email if interested.
Wow! This can be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Great. I’m also a specialist in this topic so I can understand your effort.
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!
Awesome website you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics discussed in this article? I’d really like to be a part of online community where I can get suggestions from other experienced people that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Many thanks!
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely marvellous possiblity to check tips from this web site. It is always so fantastic and full of a lot of fun for me and my office fellow workers to search your blog not less than thrice per week to study the new items you have got. And lastly, we are usually fulfilled with the magnificent strategies you give. Selected 4 tips in this post are indeed the finest we have had.
You have brought up a very wonderful details , thankyou for the post.
Very well written article. It will be helpful to everyone who employess it, as well as me. Keep up the good work — looking forward to more posts.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Really superb information can be found on site.
This is a game-changer for meIve been stuck on this exact issue, and your advice gave me a whole new approach. So grateful you shared this!
whoah this blog is magnificent i love reading your articles. Keep up the good work! You know, lots of people are looking around for this info, you could help them greatly.
Hello, you used to write great, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!
Your attention to detail is impressivethis article covers everything I needed to know and more. Thanks for making such a helpful guide!
Great info and right to the point. I don’t know if this is truly the best place to ask but do you guys have any thoughts on where to employ some professional writers? Thank you 🙂
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I have joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post. Also, I have shared your website in my social networks!
I visited a lot of website but I think this one holds something special in it in it
Some truly interesting info , well written and loosely user pleasant.
you have a great blog here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?
Hi, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog site in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, excellent blog!
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
After study a few of the blog posts on your website now, and I truly like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Pls check out my web site as well and let me know what you think.
I am not certain the place you’re getting your info, however good topic. I needs to spend a while studying much more or working out more. Thank you for excellent information I was searching for this info for my mission.
This is really attention-grabbing, You are an excessively professional blogger. I have joined your rss feed and look forward to in quest of more of your wonderful post. Also, I’ve shared your site in my social networks!
Hi there this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Reading your article helped me a lot and I agree with you. But I still have some doubts, can you clarify for me? I’ll keep an eye out for your answers.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
I was reading some of your articles on this website and I think this site is real instructive! Continue posting.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
This web page can be a stroll-by means of for all the data you needed about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll undoubtedly uncover it.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!